نشریه دانش انتظامی آذربایجان شرقی
سال یازدهم شماره 42 (پیاپی 43، زمستان 1400)

In the criminal procedure of Iran, visible crimes are not different from non-visible crimes in terms of their nature. But when a crime is committed in an obvious way, maintaining public order and preventing the escape of the perpetrator, requires that the judicial officers have more powers and can arrest the perpetrator of the crime and take the necessary measures to collect and preserve the evidence. Therefore, it is very important to determine and distinguish visible crime from invisible crime, and considering that the territory and scope of visible crime in cyber space is not specified in the law, in this article, it is investigated with a descriptive-analytical method whether visible crime in cyber space is different from crime. Is it evident in real space or not? Given the differences that cybercrimes have with traditional crimes, it seems. Most of the clauses of Article 45 of the Criminal Procedure Law are not practically applicable to cyber crimes, and a legal vacuum is felt in this field.

Improving the order and security and management of car traffic, along with the control of air pollution and the management of traffic accidents and accidents, has always been one of the most important issues in countries. Consolidating crimes and offenses, including driving and related accidents, has always been a major concern for governments. Improving the order and safety of transportation and traffic has always been emphasized and various solutions have been adopted to reduce traffic accidents. In Iran, Article 108 of the Sixth Five -Year Plan of Economic, Social and Cultural Development of the Islamic Republic of Iran has emphasized this issue. The present article deals with the various aspects of this issue and how to enforce Article 108 of the Sixth Development Act, especially in metropolitan areas of the country. There are also problems and disputes between the organizations related to this law and provide the necessary solutions and suggestions. Implementation of the City Air Pollution Control Plan (L.E.Z.) is one of the projected measures in the form of Article 108, which has been implemented in Iran and compared to Europe in this article, which results from different aspects, including from a perspective. Cultural and economic has been extracted, suggesting that the infrastructure of such a plan is not yet fully existed in Iran, and there must be many platforms in this regard.

The Faraja organization (police) is one of the organizations that provides the most services to the people, and since it faces great challenges as a result of the development of technology and the updating of criminals, it should be resorted to scientific and technological mechanisms and according to values. and the governing laws to resolve these challenges. Today, intelligentization is considered as one of the necessities of organizations, because information and communication technology is the guarantor of the survival of organizations. Smart police is a result of digital transformation resulting from advanced technologies. The implementation of the smart police plan will improve public satisfaction and reduce corruption.Based on this, this article, based on interviews with officials of the police command of East Azarbaijan province (deputies and chiefs of the special police of the province) and using the phenomenological method, in a descriptive-analytical way, examines the challenges and solutions and the results of making the police smarter in this province and This leads to the conclusion that the lack of credits and organizational facilities for intelligentization and the resistance of employees to technological changes and intelligentization are among the important challenges of intelligentizing the police and increasing public awareness and upgrading intelligentization systems is one of the most important solutions for solving challenges in this field. Finally, reducing the bases of violations and crimes among employees and increasing the speed of dealing with people's affairs are important effects of police intelligence.

Adolescents and young people are exposed to all kinds of social deviations due to their identity and personality characteristics, instability of social status and some other social and cultural factors. One of the factors related to the tendency of teenagers and young people to deviant behavior is citizenship education. The main goal of the research was to determine the relationship between citizenship education and the tendency of teenagers and young people of Tabriz to deviant behaviors. The existing research was an applied study in terms of its purpose and a survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population was the youth population of Tabriz city (15-29 years old), which included a total of 353,136 people according to the statistics center of 2015. To select the sample size, Cochran's formula was used with an error rate of 5%, and 384 teenagers and young adults of Tabriz city were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The tool for collecting information was a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings showed that the average tendency towards social deviations is 18.7. According to the results of the tests, the hypothesis of the existence of a significant and positive relationship between citizenship education and tendency to social deviations among teenagers and young people of Tabriz was confirmed. The relationship between the tendency to social deviations and age among adolescents and young people in Tabriz was not confirmed.

Regional drug and drug networks involve the transportation of drugs from urban centers to out-of-town locations throughout the country. County lines are a social concern because they involve the recruitment of vulnerable people (adults and children) who are used as prey or so-called exploitation, exposing them to dangerous and often violent situations. Tackling regional lines is one of six key priorities in the government's approach to ending gang violence and exploitation (Home Office Drugs Strategy, 2017). The UK Government (2019) defines 'county lines' as follows:Organized criminal gangs and networks involved in the export of illegal narcotics to one or more domestic regions, using dedicated cell phone lines or some other form of exchange route. They are likely to exploit children and vulnerable adults to transport and store drugs and money, and often use coercion, intimidation, violence (including sexual violence) and weapons.This article reports on a small-scale study that provides a snapshot of the characteristics of nominal individuals involved in the County Line drug network in one London area, as well as the perspective of three specialist doctors who have significant and detailed operational knowledge of how County Line agents work.